Quantify the structural economic crisis facing the 500M smallholder farmers who produce 70% of food consumed in developing countries, modeling the cascading consequences of farm exit on food security and urban migration.

Analysis of input cost trajectories (fertilizer, seeds, pesticides) vs crop prices 2010-2026 across 30 LDC countries; household farm economics surveys in 15 countries; modeling of agricultural productivity vs net farm income under climate scenarios.

Smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia face structural economic collapse: input costs have increased 250-400% while crop prices have declined 20-40% in real terms since 2010. Average net farm income across Sub-Saharan Africa is negative (farmers lose money).

Climate impacts compound this: drought reduces productivity 30-50% while increasing input costs for supplementary irrigation. Consequence: 100M farmers projected to exit agriculture by 2030, driving landlessness, urbanization pressure, and food insecurity.

The crisis is not productivity-driven (yields can increase) but price-driven: global agricultural commodity markets do not reflect the full cost of production for smallholders.